Everything about Campi Flegrei totally explained
Campi Flegrei, also known as the
Phlegraean Fields, is a large
13 km (8 mi) wide
caldera situated to the west of
Naples,
Italy. Today most of the area lies underwater, but it includes the town of
Pozzuoli and the
Solfatara crater, mythological home of the Roman god of fire,
Vulcan. It is thought that the caldera was created in two major events. The first occurred about 40,000 years ago, erupting about 200 km³ of magma (500 km³ bulk volume
(External Link
)) to produce the
Campanian
Ignimbrite. Approximately 12,000 years ago another major eruption occurred, forming a smaller caldera inside the main one, centered on the town of
Pozzuoli. This event produced the Neopolitan Yellow Tuff, referring to the characteristic yellow rocks there.
The area was known to the Greeks, who had a colony nearby at
Cumae.
The caldera, which now is essentially at ground level, is accessible on foot. It contains a large number of
fumaroles, from which steam can be seen issuing, and a number of pools of boiling mud. Several subsidiary cones and tuff craters lie within the caldera. One of these craters is filled by
Lago d'Averno. In
1538, an eight-day eruption in the area deposited enough material to create a new hill,
Monte Nuovo ("new mountain").
Patrick Moore used to cite Campi Flegrei as an example of why the
impact craters on the moon must be of volcanic origin, which was thought to be the case until the 1960s.
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